WAD injuries involve nociceptors and mechanoreceptors in which structures?

• A. Intervertebral Discs
• B. Cervical Joint Capsules and Ligaments
• C. Spinal Nerves
• D. Skin

Answer: (B)

Pain and dysfunction in whiplash injuries mainly come from receptors in the cervical joint capsules and ligaments. These structures house both nociceptors, which detect tissue damage and stretch and trigger pain, and mechanoreceptors, which provide proprioceptive information about joint position and movement. During the rapid flexion–extension of a whiplash event, the facet joint capsules and their supporting ligaments are overstretched or damaged, activating nociceptors and disrupting proprioceptive signaling. That combination fuels the acute pain and subsequent motor control changes and muscle guarding typical after whiplash. While other tissues like discs, nerves, or skin can contribute in some cases, the cervical joint capsules and ligaments are the primary sources of nociceptive and proprioceptive input in this scenario.