Normal which of the following functions is predictive of full recovery or minor disability in WAD?

• A. Gait
• B. Reflexes
• C. Eye movements
• D. Muscle strength

Answer: (C)

Eye movements reflect how well the brainstem and vestibulo-ocular systems are functioning, which is closely tied to how the nervous system is handling vision, balance, and neck proprioception after whiplash. When eye movements are normal, it suggests intact central pathways and integration, pointing to a higher likelihood of full recovery or only minor disability. In contrast, abnormalities in eye movements can indicate vestibular or central involvement that often accompanies more persistent symptoms and a poorer prognosis.

Gait, reflexes, and muscle strength can be affected by pain, guarding, or deconditioning and may not specifically predict long-term outcome as reliably as preserved eye movement control.